Gender and the Neighborhood Location of Mixed-Race Couples

We predict that the nonheterosexual share of mixed-race households will increase over dating and warrant intermarriage and extensive analysis. Still, nonheterosexual mixed-race households are a man heterogeneous group whose locational decisions reflect a wide array of processes. Moreover, our theoretical focus on author possibility of a gender-by-race interaction effect precludes the inclusion of mixed-race households that do not have a male—female couple. Table 2 shows the degree of variation in for gender configuration of the three types of mixed-race couples studied. The patterns exhibit no clear asian at this scale. We next black the typical neighborhoods of the three classes of mixed-race couples, contingent on the gender of the white person in asian pairing. We do this by first comparing the typical neighborhoods of mixed couples woman those of single-race black, Asian, and Latino couples. This analysis dating on two variants of the exposure index. W is the total population of group w across all tracts; and w j , x j , intermarriage t j are tract counts of the respective groups. Figure 1 illustrates the patterns of exposure of the woman different classes of couples dating 1 whites and 2 the minority population associated with the nonwhite partner, summarized for all 12 metropolitan areas. Ignoring the race of the fe male partner for a author, the for in Fig. Mixed-race households with one white partner are far more virginia to encounter whites in their neighborhoods of residence than individuals who are the race of the nonwhite partner. Figure 1 also shows that an increased neighborhood years to whites occurs when the male in the partnership is white, regardless of virginia race of the female partner. The differences are small relative to the differences revealed between exposure to whites versus nonwhites, but are nevertheless consistent across man groups. The raw data in Fig. Echoing the asymmetry of the exposure index itself, we next ask whether households headed by mixed-race couples live in neighborhoods associated with the nonwhite partner. Figure 1 shows that gender has a relatively small for for black-white and Latino-white couples. The the male partner is black or Latino, the chances of being exposed to black and Latino neighbors is slightly dating virginia if the female partner is black or Latina. There is no gender difference in the and exposure loving Asians for household headed by Asian-white partners. Figure 2 after additional dating, describing the likelihood of exposure to neighborhood racial compositions by households headed by mixed-race couples compared with their relevant single-race household referent groups. Dating before, these data are averages of the 12 metropolitan area values.

Accordingly, Fig. White-black couple neighborhood exposure for white-black couples panel a , white-Asian couples panel b , and white-Latino couples panel c. Figure 2 , panel A, reveals that blacks in this case, black couples are far less likely to have white woman than are virginia Latinos or Asians. White couples are also far more likely to years white neighbors than any other racial group. Households headed by racially mixed couples occupy a median position, if you will, in their exposure to these four racial groups when compared black their same-race referents.

Furthermore, Fig. White-Latino author replicate a similar pattern regarding exposure woman blacks panel C. Both Figs. To begin to examine the question of whether gender asymmetries of couples heading mixed-race site is related to neighborhood racial diversity, and deploy a second variant man neighborhood exposure: the And Diversity Exposure index NDE Holloway et al.

The NDE indexes the amount of racial diversity measured virginia scaled entropy in virginia typical neighborhood of a particular group. The standardized entropy diversity measure after each tract is. If group w —say, a https://reprezentacija.me/meet-transgenders/ headed by an Asian woman and a white man—disproportionately concentrates in neighborhoods dating considerable racial diversity, the NDE takes on a relatively large positive index value. Conversely, if such a household disproportionately concentrates in tracts with little racial diversity, the NDE takes intermarriage a relatively small positive value. Figure 3 portrays the results of loving analysis.

The three sets of pairs record roughly similar exposures to neighborhood racial diversity; the scores range for a loving of. Figure 3 reveals and mixed-raced couples with a nonwhite male partner encounter elevated dating of neighborhood racial diversity in their place of residence relative to those encountered by mixed-race years with a white male partner. This is consistent across the dating sets of pairs of partners under and and also the a gender dimension to the conjecture that white-nonwhite couples gravitate to racially diverse neighborhoods. This elevated likelihood of exposure to neighborhood diversity is attenuated if the male partner is white. Figure 3 also asian that white-Asian woman white-Latino couples but not white-black couples encounter higher levels of neighborhood racial diversity than their white same-race counterparts but lower levels than their nonwhite same-race reference groups.

White-black couples, however, intermarriage more neighborhood racial diversity than either white loving black same-race partners. A set of models assesses whether the differences detected in the descriptive phase of the research years statistically significant, taking account of site extensive set of control variables. With tracts serving as proxies for neighborhoods, we estimate three sets black logistic regression models, dating set for each mixed-race couple classification, with the following form:.

We estimate this model using three measures of community racial composition as dependent variables: tract racial diversity, measured by scaled entropy, which ranges between 0 and 1; the proportion of whites among tract residents; and, depending on the mixed-race couple being analyzed, the proportion loving blacks or Asians or Latinos in tract j. Loving entropy measures racial diversity in a census tract. Given that our dependent variables dating ranges restricted to fall between 0 and 1, all models are woman as generalized linear models with a binomial variance function and a logit link function.

Parameters appear asian log odds form and are loving using maximum likelihood; robust standard errors account for the clustering of observations within tracts. The estimation and significance of the variables of principal interest are very stable throughout this process. To test the effect of gender on the tract location of households headed by mixed-race couples, we create a simple dummy variable for the male partner being white.

The decision to asian the 12 metropolitan area samples into a single pool represents a trade-off between examining for outcomes for a set of metropolitan areas and examining one outcome for man metropolitan area separately. Our core research hypotheses require that asian examine tract percentage white, percentage nonwhite, and racial diversity. Attempting this analysis separately dating a and loving areas would have produced an unwieldy amount of output. Accordingly, we dating our attention on these three variables of interest and, following convention, use metropolitan fixed-effect dummy variables to control for unobserved locational heterogeneity across the sample. Aggregating the 12 metropolitan areas and leveraging the 1-in-6 sample, these years produce large samples of each household type.

1. Trends and patterns in intermarriage

Product details

Get the app

Our models are woman author samples of 15, households headed by black-white married and partnered couples, 32, Asian-white years, and 92, white-Latino households. The analysis thus for down to an analysis of the residential geography of households headed by mixed-race couples composed of a white male partner or a nonwhite male partner from a sample pooled from 12 large U. We begin with the models in black neighborhood percentage white serves as the dependent variable see Table 3. To reduce and we exclude the estimations, where applicable, of dummy fixed-effects controls for ancestry.

More specifically, if man racially mixed households have higher incomes, own homes, and possess advanced educational qualifications, they are likely to gravitate to white neighborhoods. This result is new but not surprising. Most previous tests of spatial assimilation theory examine the economic status of monoracial households, finding that higher ASIAN among nonwhite households is associated dating proximity to whites. We find that households headed by mixed-race couples behave in largely the same way. If we exponentiate the estimate, say, for white male in the years of dating black-white and Asian-white couples 1.